Package-on-Package (PoP) Underfill Dispensing

Enabling High-Density 3D Integration with Precision Fluid Control

Package-on-Package (PoP) underfill is a critical process in advanced semiconductor packaging, where multiple integrated circuit (IC) packages are stacked vertically to create compact, high-performance assemblies. This 3D integration approach is widely used in mobile devices, wearables, and high-density computing applications where board space is at a premium.

In PoP configurations, underfill material is dispensed between stacked packages—typically between a logic die and a memory die—to enhance mechanical stability, thermal performance, and long-term reliability. The process must be executed with extreme precision to avoid overflow, voids, or damage to delicate interconnects.

Benefits of PoP Underfill

  • Mechanical Reinforcement: Protects solder joints from fatigue and cracking due to thermal cycling and mechanical stress.
  • Improved Thermal Management: Enhances heat dissipation in densely packed assemblies.
  • Space Efficiency: Supports vertical stacking of components, reducing PCB footprint.
  • Enhanced Reliability: Minimizes risk of delamination and interconnect failure over time.

Common Challenges and Solutions

 
ChallengeSolution
Narrow Gaps Between PackagesHigh-precision needle or jet dispensing systems ensure accurate material placement in tight spaces.
Void FormationControlled dispense paths and vacuum-assisted fill techniques eliminate air entrapment.
Material CompatibilityGPD Global systems support a wide range of underfill chemistries, including low-viscosity and fast-curing formulations.
Thermal SensitivityLow-temperature dispensing processes protect heat-sensitive components during assembly.
 

GPD Global offers advanced dispensing platforms specifically designed to meet the demands of PoP underfill applications. Our systems feature:

  • Micron-level accuracy for fine-pitch and high-density assemblies
  • Multiple pump technologies (auger, jetting, time/pressure, progressive cavity) for material versatility
  • Automated Z-height sensing to accommodate package height variations
  • Real-time process monitoring for consistent volume control and traceability
  • Scalable configurations for both prototyping and high-volume production

Applications

  • Mobile processors with stacked DRAM
  • High-performance SoCs in compact form factors
  • Wearable electronics and IoT devices
  • Automotive and aerospace electronics requiring ruggedized packaging

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